| Title |
Effect of Replacing Feldspar by Philippine Black Cinder on the Development of Low-Porosity Red Stoneware |
|
Authors |
Echavez, Fel Jane; Lumasag, Liberty; Bato, Beverly; Simplicio, Alyssa May; Cahigao, Jade; Aligno, Elly Jr.; Dispo, Roben Victor; Dionio, Sherlyn Keh; Saladaga, Christian Julle; Rivera-Virtudazo, Raymond; Bernardo-Arugay, Ivyleen; |
|
Publication date |
2023/04/01 |
|
Journal |
Minerals |
| Volume |
13 |
| Issue |
4 |
| Pages |
15 |
| Publisher |
MDPI |
| Abstract |
Stoneware is a ceramic material with low porosity and high mechanical properties, such as the modulus of rupture. It is essentially made of clay, feldspar and quartz and is sintered to create a mixture of glass and crystalline phases. With the projected growth rate of the global ceramics market size and the country芒聙聶s development plan for 2023芒聙聯2028, it is imperative that alternative raw materials for the manufacture of ceramic products be sourced so that the importation of these materials, such as feldspar, be minimized, if not eliminated. Cinder in the Philippines is mainly used as a filling material in pavements and residential areas. In this study, this resource is utilized as partial and full replacement of feldspar in a typical ternary diagram for stoneware production. Bars were formed from different formulations by the slip casting method and were sintered at 1200 脗掳C. Physical and mechanical properties of the bars, such as shrinkage, loss on ignition, water absorption, apparent porosity and modulus of rupture were determined. Thermo-physical analyses were also carried out on the raw materials and on formulated powders. Meeting the requirements of the various quality standards for ceramics, the partial replacement of feldspar with black cinder (LF, LFBQ and LFBH) is feasible for wall and roof applications while full replacement of feldspar with black cinder (LB) is suitable for wider use as wall, floor, vitrified, industrial and roof tiles. |
| Index terms / Keywords |
cinder; flux; stoneware; low-porosity ceramics; thermo-physical properties of ceramics; mechanical properties of ceramics; volcanic tuff; red clays; anorthite; andesine; quartz; feldspar; smectites |
| DOI |
|
| URL |
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Mindanao State
University - Iligan Institute of Technology